Cannabis reform faced a challenging moment in the 2024 U.S. elections, with several key state initiatives falling short and delivering a setback to advocates and industry players alike. Despite high hopes, the results painted a mixed, often sobering picture of regional attitudes toward cannabis reform. Here's a look at each state's journey, the measures they considered and what these outcomes signify for the cannabis community and the future of legalization efforts nationwide.
Florida
Florida's Amendment 3, which sought to legalize cannabis for adult use, gained 55.9% support but fell short of the required 60% threshold for constitutional amendments.
Despite support from high-profile advocates, including former President Donald Trump, the initiative faced consistent opposition from GOP figures like Governor Ron DeSantis. Leading up to the election, DeSantis held conferences opposing the measure, with additional opposition funded by the state's transportation department. Although disappointed, industry leaders like Anthony Coniglio of NewLake Capital Partners NLCP expressed optimism, noting, "It's important to recognize the bipartisan voter support that the measure received."
Nebraska
Nebraska saw a significant shift in policy with the passage of two medical cannabis measures. Initiative 437, which enacts the Nebraska Medical Cannabis Protection Act, allows patients to use cannabis to manage health conditions. Initiative 438, the Nebraska Medical Cannabis Regulation Act, establishes a commission to regulate the medical cannabis market.
"Following the adoption of the Commission’s regulations, the market may open as early as Summer 2026," explained Paula Savchenko, founding partner of Cannacore Group. This long-awaited result, driven by activist efforts and significant public support, signals a new era for medical cannabis in the state.
North Dakota
For the third time, North Dakota voters declined to legalize adult-use cannabis, with 53% voting against Measure 5. Despite advocating for financial benefits and regulatory structures similar to neighboring states, proponents couldn't secure enough support.
Curaleaf CURLF's CEO, Boris Jordan, remarked, "Curaleaf remains committed to advocating for responsible cannabis access and education." North Dakota's vote reflects a conservative stance that contrasts with the broader national trend toward legalization.
South Dakota
South Dakota also opted against legalizing cannabis for adult use with Measure 29, which fell short in a close vote. The measure had proposed limited possession rights and cultivation for adults over 21.
Local industry voices like John Mueller, co-founder of Greenlight, described the outcome as "a missed opportunity," highlighting the potential economic benefits South Dakota could have reaped from a legal cannabis market. With similar measures failing in past elections, South Dakota's stance remains firmly anti-legalization, though advocates are hopeful for future progress.
Dallas, Texas
In a landmark decision, Dallas voters approved the "Dallas Freedom Act" to decriminalize small amounts of cannabis, setting the stage for reform in Texas. The act, which passed with 65% support, prohibits arrests for possession of up to 4 ounces of cannabis and restricts the police from using cannabis odor as probable cause.
Local advocacy group Ground Game Texas celebrated the victory, stating, "This is more than a victory for marijuana decriminalization—it's a win for the people of Dallas." The success in Dallas reflects a growing trend in Texas cities to pursue cannabis reform, even as state-level opposition continues.
